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β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin G are readily able to form haptens due to the susceptibility of the β-lactam ring to nucleophilic attack by free amino groups, such as those possessed by lysine side chains (Levine and Ovary, 1961). What is an example of a hapten? Hapten is a typeRead More →

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A hapten is a substance that can combine with a specific antibody but lacks antigenicity of its own. Many small molecules of Mr < 1000 such as toxins, drugs and hormones are not capable of invoking immune response when injected directly into animals. They are thus not immunogenic by themselves,Read More →