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Natural pigments that are derivatives of anthraquinone are found in plants (e.g. aloe latex, senna and rhubarb), fungi, lichens and some insects (HSDB, 2010). What is anthraquinone used for? Besides their utilization as colorants, anthraquinone derivatives have been used since centuries for medical applications, for example, as laxatives and antimicrobialRead More →

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Alkynes are organic molecules made of the functional group carbon-carbon triple bonds and are written in the empirical formula of CnH2n−2. They are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Is a hydrocarbon a functional group? Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are a class of molecule that is defined by functional groups called hydrocarbyls that contain only carbonRead More →

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A: Functional dyspepsia is a persistent condition that is not associated with any serious complications, such as stomach ulcers or stomach cancer. Most people find their symptoms will come and go over time, depending on factors such as stress, lifestyle changes or other triggers. What are the symptoms of nervousRead More →

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Specific stain for amino acids (see group TLC below) and primary amines. Secondary amines stains light yellow which is difficult to see. Tertiary amines do not stain. … See ninhydrin stain colors for all aminoacids! How does Anisaldehyde stain? Anisaldehyde – sulfuric acid is a universal reagent for natural products,Read More →

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The functional group in the carboxylic acids is the carboxyl group, -COOH. It is responsible for the typical reactions of carboxylic acids, which are weak acids . How do you know if a functional group is basic or acidic? Charged, ionized to release H+. Since carboxyl groups can release H+Read More →

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Functional illiteracy consists of reading and writing skills that are inadequate “to manage daily living and employment tasks that require reading skills beyond a basic level“. What are the types of functional literacy? Definitions. The term “functional literacy” is used in three different contexts: international discussions, adult literacy, and generalRead More →

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Note that a conformation having a 90º dihedral angle is achiral, as a consequence of a plane of symmetry. If each of the phenyl rings of a biphenyl has two different ortho or meta substituents (one may be hydrogen), even the twisted 90º dihedral angle conformer becomes chiral. Why biphenylRead More →

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Alkynes are organic molecules made of the functional group carbon-carbon triple bonds and are written in the empirical formula of CnH2n−2. They are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Is alkane alkene and alkyne functional group? Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are simple hydrocarbon chains with no functional groups. The simplest organic compounds are theRead More →

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Pyruvate Structure Three carbon molecules are composed of a ketone functional group and a carboxyl group present in the structure of pyruvate. The chemical formula of pyruvate is C3H3O3– and the chemical formula of pyruvic acid is C3H4O3 and C3H3O3 represents its deprotonated form. What is pyruvic acid and itsRead More →

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The megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis and forms four megaspores. Three of the megaspores undergo cell death. The chalazal-most megaspore survives, becomes the functional megaspore, and undergoes megagametogenesis. Which megaspore is functional in angiosperm? Only the functional megaspore (n) develops into the female gametophyte. This process of embryo sac formationRead More →