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Codon (biology definition): the‌ ‌amino‌ ‌acid‌ ‌coding‌ ‌unit‌ ‌in‌ ‌DNA‌ ‌or‌ ‌messenger‌ ‌RNA (mRNA). ‌ ‌The‌ ‌string‌ ‌of‌ ‌codons‌ ‌in‌ the ‌mRNA‌ ‌specifies‌ ‌the‌ ‌order‌ ‌of‌ ‌amino‌ ‌acids‌ ‌in‌ ‌the‌ ‌encoded‌ ‌protein. Apart from amino acids, there are also codons that specify start/stop signals. Are codons on mRNA? The three-letterRead More →

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Nucleotides are added by DNA polymerase to each daughter strand in the 5′ → 3′ direction (indicated by arrowheads). How do the nucleotides in DNA pair answer? Nucleotides form a pair in a molecule of DNA where two adjacent bases form hydrogen bonds. The nitrogenous bases of the DNA alwaysRead More →

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Deriving energy from ATP hydrolysis, helicases alter the structure of DNA, RNA, or DNA:RNA duplexes, remodeling chromatin and modulating access to the DNA template by the transcriptional machinery. Does the helicase unzip? Helicase unzips the DNA strand. How does DNA unzip for transcription? DNA is copied into RNA in aRead More →

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Chloroplasts are another organelle that contain a double membrane and retain their own DNA. Unlike mitochondria, however, the inner membrane of chloroplasts is not folded. Do ribosomes contain DNA? Ribosomes do not contain DNA. Ribosomes are composed of 2 main sub-units – the large subunit joins together the mRNA andRead More →

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Similarities between DNA and RNA: Both are made up of five carbon- pentose sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous bases. Both are polynucleotide chains made up of a single nucleotide unit or monomers. Both biomolecules are synthesised by the polymerase enzyme. Practically, both DNA and RNA can be precipitated using alcohol. WhereRead More →

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Restriction enzymes, also called restriction endonucleases, recognize a specific sequence of nucleotides in double stranded DNA and cut the DNA at a specific location. They are indispensable to the isolation of genes and the construction of cloned DNA molecules. Do restriction enzymes cleave single-stranded DNA? Abstract. Restriction endonucleases (13 outRead More →

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Inserting genes into plasmids The piece of DNA or gene of interest is cut from its original DNA source using a restriction enzyme and then pasted into the plasmid by ligation. The plasmid containing the foreign DNA is now ready to be inserted into bacteria. This process is called transformation.Read More →

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DNA replication is a semi-conservative process. Half of the parent DNA molecule is conserved in each of the two daughter DNA molecules. Does DNA use Semiconservative? Semiconservative replication describes the mechanism of DNA replication in all known cells. … The structure of DNA (as deciphered by James D. Watson andRead More →

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Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine whereas guanine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine. This is called complementary base pairing. Production of two identical strands of DNA from template (parent strand) with the same base sequence. What does complementary mean in DNA quizlet? The nucleotides in a base pair are complementaryRead More →

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DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. … The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’. Does DNA split during replication? In Summary: Basics of DNA Replication The model for DNA replicationRead More →