Stomatal density (SD) can vary within leaves, plants, and individuals of a single species (Al Afas et al. 2006). It can also vary due to environmental factors such as light, air humidity, water availability and atmospheric CO2 concentration (Woodward and Kelly 1995). What causes higher stomatal density? Thus, one mightRead More →
Specific gravity is dependent on the temperature, and most of the values found in the literature refer to STP conditions. Although the two terms often are used interchangeably, there is a technical difference between specific gravity and density. Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance.Read More →
If prior knowledge is insufficient, inappropriate or inaccurate, students are likely to struggle to acquire the new knowledge in their classes (Ambrose, et al, 2010). If prior knowledge is insufficient though accurate, students may not be able to acquire new knowledge. How does prior knowledge help you when learning somethingRead More →
Oxytocin. The oxytocin reflex is also sometimes called the “letdown reflex” or the “milk ejection reflex”. Oxytocin is produced more quickly than prolactin. It makes the milk that is already in the breast flow for the current feed, and helps the baby to get the milk easily. What stimulates theRead More →
The soil is a storehouse for all the elements plants need to grow: nutrients, organic matter, air, and water. Soil also provides support for plant roots. When properly prepared and cared for, soil can be improved each year and will continue to grow plants forever. What is the study ofRead More →
Caffeine can facilitate the release of natural hormones that act on the heart to release norepinephrine, which can produce a stimulated effect similar to that of adrenaline. At higher levels, caffeine can increase the amount of calcium inside the cells in the heart. Does nicotine increase Daphnia heart rate? TheRead More →
Monitor Developmental Speech Sounds. What affects speech intelligibility? Intelligibility is affected by the level (loud but not too loud) and quality of the speech signal, the type and level of background noise, reverberation (some reflections but not too many), and, for speech over communication devices, the properties of the communicationRead More →